The Nature and Functions of Political Parties and Voting...

The Nature and Functions of Political Parties and Voting Behaviour in Britain The two major parties in the British political system, the Labour party and the Conservative party, often mention the same issues of importance but have different policies on how these issues should be handled. Both parties state in their manifestoes that Education is an important issue - Labour sighting it a major priority, aiming to cut class sizes for 5-7 year olds to under 30 and to modernise comprehensive schools and provide funding for the implication of new technologies. The Conservatives aims for the improvement of education is to implement more regular testing in schools and for a more rigorous system of†¦show more content†¦The Governing function being a major one - British government is formed by a political party, the Prime minister being the leader of that party, and so political parties are vital to the process of government. There are other important functions, including: the Electoral function - political parties offer choice to the voter, choice being an imp ortant element in a truly democratic society. By forming according to similar ideologies, etc. parties offer a label to which the voter can identify these ideologies; there is also the Representative function - political parties reflect the views of the people and provide a platform for these to be heard; the Recruitment function - whereby political parties encourage people to become politically active, thus recruiting them into the political system and; the Communicative function - parties provide a means of communication between leaders and members, between members and the prospective electorate and between parties of opposing views. Many of these functions are often performed most effectively by constituency parties at that level, i.e. providing a means of communication between party members and people within that local constituency, people becoming politically active within their constituency areas etc. Political parties receive funding from a number of differentShow MoreRelatedAQA GOVP1 past papers1601 Words   |  7 PagesJune 13 Mark scheme Examiners report 5: Explain the term by-election as used in the extract. 10: Using your own knowledge as well as the extract, consider why voting behaviour at by-elections to the Westminster Parliament is often unpredictable. 25: ‘Stability, rather than volatility, now characterises voting behaviour at UK general elections.’ Discuss. 5: Explain the term representation as used in the passage. 10: Using your own knowledge as well as the passage, explain why theRead MoreThe Political System of Scotland Essay example2132 Words   |  9 PagesThe Political System of Scotland Unlike Wales, which was subdued by conquest in the thirteenth century, Scotland was never permanently incorporated into the United Kingdom by force of arms. In 1603 the succession of James I to the throne of England united the crowns of England and Scotland. HoweverRead MorePolitical Marketing5740 Words   |  23 PagesReconciling Marketing with Political Science: Theories of Political Marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 1997, Vol 13, pp.651-663 Dominic Wring This paper has two broad aims: to trace the theoretical development of political marketing and then demonstrate how these concepts can be used in the analysis of election campaigns. Electioneering is not the sole manifestation of marketing in politics but it is the most obvious, a point underlined by recent work addressing the prominent roleRead MorePluralism and Policy Making in New Zealand2593 Words   |  11 PagesThe political theory of pluralism maintains that political power is not held exclusively by the government, but by a number of diverse groups. Interest groups, pressure groups, trade unions, and informal groups of like-minded citizens are all examples of the types of coalitions which pluralists believe influence the political system. New Zealand is a pluralist society. Our people are diverse and since the introduction of a MMP electoral system there is greater opportunity for groups to be involvedRead MoreMarketing Strategy for Election Campaign9838 Words   |  4 0 PagesINTRODUCTION We were assigned a job by a leading PARTY OF UK to design an election campaign strategy aimed at communicating to 18-23 years olds. We have now completed the job and we would like to give a presentation on our strategy. The strategy aims to build a desire and motivation among the young voters to vote for the party. While designing the election campaign strategy, we have implemented all the marketing concepts because as proved by Harrop (1990) political marketing has similarities with serviceRead Morethe effect of mass media3481 Words   |  14 Pagesexerts an overwhelmingly negative effect on impressionable young audiences. These beliefs have led to increased state control over and censorship of the media in Britain. KEY POINT - Sociologists have argued that media content can have a direct effect upon their audiences and trigger particular social responses in terms of behaviour and attitudes. Gerbner (2002) sees a cause-effect relationship between screen violence and real-life violence. Some feminist sociologists, e.g. Dworkin (1988) andRead MoreCompare and Contract the Budget Processes and Systems of Fiscal Accountability in Presidential and Parliamentary Systems of Government.8193 Words   |  33 Pagesinformed the political structures. The paper discusses the different forms of government systems that exist in various countries with specific focus on the Presidential system as obtained in countries such as the United States of America and the Parliamentary â€Å"Westminster† form that exists in countries such as the United Kingdom. The different forms of budgets are discussed including their advantages and disadvantages, with particular reference to the degree of the legislature’s political controlRead MoreCorporate Governance in Uk12381 Words   |  50 Pagescompanies, such as Guinness, used the services of the merchant banks to issue shares in London, but these domestic flotation’s represented a small part of the merchant banks’ business; their expertise, and their main source of profits, lay outside Britain. In the period between 1870 and 1914 neither the joint stock banks (later known as clearing banks) nor the merchant banks developed as close a linkage with domestic industry as, say, Deutsche Bank in Germany. The boards of publicly quoted companiesRead MoreCxc Mutipe Choice Questions13016 Words   |  53 PagesCaribbean Development Bank c) The more Developed Countries d) The Caribbean Examination Council The Caribbean community has the following areas of activity except : a) Economic integration through the Caribbean Common market b) A Common Economic and Political entity c) Common Services and Functional Cooperation d) The coordination of foreign policy among the independent countries. The supreme policy-making body of Caricom is: a) The Heads of Government Conference b) The foreign affairs ministersRead MoreThe Role of Groupware and Group Decision Support Systems in Decision Making5909 Words   |  24 Pagesfirst may make a big difference between success and failure, especially with a new product or development. According Garth Shepperd, change consultant charged with coordinating the govenrment’s Computer Supported Collaborative Work project in Great Britain as quoted by Antonny Lococo, et al, Gorup Ware can help organisations deal with the new environment of chage. He states that the primary advantage of Groupware is to facilitate change in an organisation(Newing,1997) The process of capturing and

The University Of Alabama And University At Birmingham

Deciding on a four year university to transfer to can be a very stressful decision. Talking to recruiters from many different schools has revealed one thing; they all believe their school is the best. Recruiters are not going to disclose the problem areas of their programs, nor highlight areas where other schools are stronger. Therefore, leaving students to compare and contrast, everything the schools offer, and attempt to make an informed decision. When comparing the different electrical engineering programs, it seemed that every school claimed to be the most innovative, and had the ability to offer the most opportunities to their students. When looking specifically at the University of Alabama and the University of Alabama at Birmingham it became evident that their programs were very similar. Both schools require the same computer and engineering seminar classes and both require that their students achieve a â€Å"C† or higher in their math and science courses. Where they truly stood out from one another is in their transfer requirements, the organizations available on campus, and the cost of attendance. As a transfer student, one of the most important aspects of choosing any college is making sure that all of the requirements can be met. The University of Alabama requires that to transfer in, the student must have maintained a 2.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale, which is a â€Å"C† average. They also require that to be classified as a transfer student versus a freshman student,Show MoreRelatedSchool Profile : University Of Alabama Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesSchool Profile: University of Alabama at Birmingham The University of Alabama at Birmingham is a four-year college that was established in 1936. This educational institution is actually one of the three colleges that make up the University of Alabama System. At any given time, around 19,000 students from over 100 countries are enrolled through the system. Each student may choose from 140 programs that are offered through 12 academic schools. This includes over 50 bachelor s degree, 45 masterRead MoreUniversity of Phoenix-Birmingham721 Words   |  3 Pages University of Phoenix - Birmingham School of Business - Business and Management Degrees Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, the University of Phoenix was founded in 1976 and now has locations world-wide offering a variety of online degree programs. Its business programs have received high credentials from the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP), Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and the International Assembly for Collegiate Business EducationRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr : Letter From Birmingham Jail Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pages Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail Hao Ran Hu SUNY Broome Hao Ran Hu Global History Professor St.Clair 2016 Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail One of the interesting Documents in World History is the ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’ by Martin Luther King Jr who was born as Michael King in 1929 in Atlanta. His parents wereRead MoreMartin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail839 Words   |  4 Pageswas arrested and was placed into a jail in Birmingham Alabama for eleven days (Westbrook 1). Martin Luther King did not commit a crime that was in violation of any law in the U.S Constitution. King was arrested for taking a direct action for the Black community that was harassed and judged every day for there color of their skin. In King’s Letter From Birmingham Jail on the 16th of April 1963 he illuminates the daily brutality on the streets of Alabama, and focuses his argument on the church andRead MoreNonviolent Protests: An argumentative essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesthe non-violent protests are those associated with the Civil Rights movement. The movement was felt across the south, yet Birmingham, Alaba ma was known for its unequal treatment of blacks and became the focus of the Civil Rights Movement. Under the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr., president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, African-Americans in Birmingham, began daily demonstrations and sit-ins to protest discrimination at lunch counters and in public facilities. These demonstrationsRead MoreCivil Rights: The Most Pressing Domestic Issue for the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations994 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Democratic Party. Even so, when forced to take sides during the Freedom Rides of 1961, the integration fights at the University of Mississippi in 1962 and the University of Alabama the next year, Kennedy chose to support the side of integration and equal citizenship, and this did indeed cost him popular support among Southern whites. After the marches to desegregate Birmingham in 1963, he publicly endorsed the Civil Rights Act, although this did not become law until after his death. A century afterRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr Life1015 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom  Morehouse College  and enters Crozer Theological Seminary.   Ordained to the Baptist ministry, February 25, 1948, at age 19.   | 1951 | Enters  Boston University  for graduate studies.   | 1953 | Marries Coretta Scott and settles in Montgomery, Alabama.   | 19551956 | Received Doctorate of Philosophy in Systematic Theology from Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts on June 5, 1955.   Dissertation Title:  A Comparison of God in the Thinking of Paul Tillich and Henry Wiseman.   Joins the busRead MorePowerful Characters and Powerful Themes in Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafà ©1435 Words   |  6 Pagespublished in 1987, is about the different events happening and people living in Whistle Stop and Birmingham, Alabama. Fannie Flagg uses many powerful characters to enforce several themes. Idgie, Ruth, Evelyn, Mrs. Threadgoode, Big George, Artis, and Jasper are a few of the main characters that help Flagg show the themes though out Fried Green Tomatoes . Fannie Flagg was born in Birmingham, Alabama on September 21, 1941. She was born as Patricia Neal but changed her name later (Thompson 186).Read MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Dr. Martin Luther King1510 Words   |  7 PagesLetter from Birmingham Jail was a letter written by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. from a solitary confinement cell in Birmingham, Alabama. Some portions of the letter were written and gradually smuggled out by King s lawyer on scraps of paper including, by some reports, rough jailhouse toilet paper. Violent racist terror against African Americans was so horrible in Birmingham in the summer of 1963 that the city was being referred to by some locals as â€Å"Bombingham†. King had been arrested while participatingRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages’s Letter from Birmingham Jail A statement from eight white clergymen from Alabama prompted Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail†. This statement criticized Kings actions of non-violent protests against racial segregation and the injustice of unequal civil rights in America (Carpenter elt al.). The eight clergymen considered Birmingham to be â€Å"their† town and King was disrupting the â€Å"Law and Order and Common Sense† established in coping with racial issues in Alabama during this time

Managing Global Marketplace for Cultural Politics- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theManaging Global Marketplace for Cultural Politics. Answer: The marketplace, emerging technology and marketing theory George M. Zinkhan The article discusses the marketplace being a human intervention. It is responsible for simultaneously delivering a benchmark of living and it serving as a platform for the substitute of ideas. With the advances in technology the theories of marketing have evolved in order to adapt to the changing times. Information technology is responsible for having caused radical changes in the experiences which human beings are facing currently. In the present situation, the advancements in science and technology brings forth the promise of the transformation of both human life and business practices. The changes in technology as well as the changing nature of the marketplace act as an engine of financial exchange and also as a focal point of public life. The article also discusses about the marketplace of the future and the implications of the present developments in the current scenario. The article mentions that two three decades ago it would not have been possible to guess whether there would be any sort of advancement in technology and also whether this would in any way change the lifestyles of the individuals. The role of the marketplace in the human lives has changed radically due to the reason that technology has grown to play a huge part in the marketplace. As a result of this, the relationship between buyers and sellers has evolved rapidly. The article discusses the dialogue between Socrates and Glaucon. It has been argued by Socrates that the concept of exchange is the major reason for humans to gather together and form different communities and be a part of community life. With regard to the Maslows Hierarchy of needs there is the distinguishing between the numerous categories of needs and wants. There were several noteworthy concepts of exchange in the Socrates era. The guild system was used in ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome as a critical aspect of human development. Regarding to the concept of marketing it the future it is stated that there are future patterns of demand and forecast. The marketing plan is also crucial for meeting quarterly or yearly objectives of the demands. The beginning of the internet marketers need to be disturbed about the forecasts regarding the future of technology. The four questions technique of understanding the influence of a new technology can be utilized to understand the changes which occur as a result of the technologies. The different theories of e-marketing can be applied in addition to the theories of marketing for the explanation of the present day e-commerce techniques and applications. It can therefore be concluded that there are numerous challenges as well as scope for the present world which have been created by the internet. The business environment is also changing at a very fast pace and this makes it difficult to pin-pointedly describe the process which is going on. The best strategy for development is adapting to the new age strategies. From global village to global marketplace: Metaphorical descriptions of the global internet Nisha Shah The article describes the impact of the global internet on the areas which are under the geographical reach of the internet. It is believed that the traditional sources of power are attained by the transgression of the territorial boundaries. The advancement of technology and particularly the internet has become symbolic of the concept of globalisation. It has been inferred after much study that the internet and its advancement has been considered as the catalyst of globalization. The all round access and reach of the internet has made it relatable with political, geographical as well as physical factors. The change in the conditions of politics worldwide can be regarded as the after effect of the advancement of the internet. In this connection the article discuses the discursive dimensions of the concept of globalisation. The concept of the global internet is also discussed as an important factor in todays world. The analysis of the global character of the internet rotates around the two decision making entities related to the internet. The Internet Engineering Task Force and the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names are connoted as global village and global marketplace respectively. The proper aim of globalization can only be understood if the detailed foray of the internet up to the present times can be analysed. The concept of globalization involves the discussion of the processes and forces which are responsible for conceiving the world in more or less global terms. Globalisation is believed to have the power to change the state and the overall forces responsible for causing a societal upheaval in the present times. Geographical borders and even political territories have been transcended due to the concepts of internet and globalization respectively. There are a plethora of metaphors which can be used to describe the idea of globalization. The article states that metaphors are not simp ly used to explain meanings but they help in understanding the connoted difference between the world and the globe. The ideas of metaphors help get a different and refreshing perspective to human life. The idea put forward here regarding the analytical focus on the concept of internet and the effects at basic protocols help in the management of change. The basic fundamentality however does not change. The most important case in point is the capability of the internet to transcend all the existing barriers of space and time. In lieu of the global marketplace it can be said that it power of the internet and its contribution to economic activity globally which has brought about a revolution. As a befitting conclusion it can be said that the software and technical features of the internet alone do not contribute to the global marketplace concept. The impact of the internet in the backdrop of globalization and political transformation can be studied which ultimately leads to the capture of political action and political imagination. All in all, the internet is bound to remain the emblem of globalization and dominance. Strategic Development of Business Models: Implications of the Web 2.0 for Creating value on the Internet Bernd W. Wirtz, Oliver Schilke and Sebastian Ullrich This particular article discusses the concept that in order to stay competitive, firms need to continuously develop and acclimatize their particular business models. Very less information is there on the concept of achievement of this particular objective. In this particular connection, there is the emergent Web 2.0 phenomenon which helps in identify the trends and features which are changing the rules of the create and capture value game. It is desirable that the executives plan their particular ideas and try to benchmark the efforts of their firms in order to adopt the differences associated with the Web in their model. As one of the most impactful changes impacting the environment of business as well as society in the recent times it has been seen that Internet provides an ideal setting for the study of business and the development of business models. It is being believed that the Web 2.0 Phenomenon is likely to give managers a clear guidance on the ways in which they can adapt to the changing technology as well as user behaviour. It is seen that the firms are faced with several challenges, such as new competitive market structures, government and regulatory changes as also the technological processes. These challenges cause the firms to adapt to any sort of significant business models. Internet is responsible for changing the way in which business is being conducted. There however is very little available information on the way in which business is conducted. The Web 2.0 has different implications for different sort of processes. A Business model helps in the reflection of the operational and output system of a company and helps in capturing the way in which firms operate. It has several sub models or domains which contribute towards the way firms function and help in the creation of value. The different types of business models discussed are content-oriented business models, commerce oriented, context-oriented as well as connection-oriented business models. These types of business models comprise certain specific areas which focus on the different areas of the business. The disruptions in the environment can cause fundamental changes in the business models particularly in case of Internet Markets. The four most important factors of the Web 2.0 phenomenon which have been described are social networking, interaction orientation, personalization, customization and also that of user added value. There are certain existent sub factors which are linked to them as well. The article also states the instances where they interviewed managers in order to understand which innovations in the Web 2.0 are suitable to be applied to the business models. It is necessary to adapt the web to the business models of the generation so that the modernisation and advancement of the internet can be utilized. The web phenomenon can be applied effectively on a vast range of scenarios. The article is extremely informative and insightful as to how a particular model can be modified based on the web specifications. Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy Pierre R. Berthon, Leyland F. Pitt, Kirk Plangger, Daniel Shapiro The article describes the implications of the Web 2.0 on the numerous international marketing strategies in the 21st Century. It is necessary for the business managers of the 21st century to consider the implications of the new developments in the web along with the challenges and issues. Different connotations are utilized for the Web 2.0, like that of social media and imaginative consumers due to the close link between them. It has been seen that Web 2.0 technologies have caused three specific effects which are the shift in the locus of activity from the Desktop to the Web, a shift in the locus of value production from the firm to the consumer, an a shift in the locus of power away from the firm to the consumer. The Web 2.0 can be considered to be a series of both hardware and software technological innovations. The new locus of value is basically the new cohort of consumers, who produce considerable part of the value added content in the social media. It is basically the networks of the friends and associates which constitute the social sphere. Social media is the medium through which there is an interaction between the conduits as well as the content associated with the individuals as well as the organisations. There are different sorts of texts, pictures and networks which come under the bracket of social media. It has been seen that there are several success stories which have been seen with respect to the new social media revolution. There have been noteworthy disasters as well for the companies in the present era. There is a particular thing which is noteworthy in the present era and this is the creation of value form the company to the individual or the community. The different axioms which are mentioned in connection to that of the social media, Web 2.0 and its implications is that dependent on technology culture as well as the governing of a specific country. Secondly in the age of social media it is very rare for local events to remain local. Thirdly in the age of social media, general issues seldom remain general and the macro issues tend to be re (interpreted) locally. Fourthly, the actions and creations of creative consumers tend to be a function of the technology, culture and government of a specific country. Lastly it has been stated that, the inherent nature of technology is to be historically dependent. Finally it can be concluded that in the present world, specifically in the context of strategic marketing, the concept of world is taken to have different connotations. It is used in a sense of the marketing world and also in the sense of the application of marketing in the world. The victorious implementation of the social media and the development in the background of business models has to go hand in hand. The present century is extremely challenging and the global boundaries are huge. Therefore all the opportunities and threats need to be considered with the shifts of locus in all the contexts. Bibliography: Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K. and Shapiro, D., 2012. Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), pp.261-271. Shah, N., 2008. From global village to global marketplace: Metaphorical descriptions of the global Internet.International Journal of Media Cultural Politics,4(1), pp.9-26. Wirtz, B.W., Schilke, O. and Ullrich, S., 2010. Strategic development of business models: implications of the Web 2.0 for creating value on the internet.Long range planning,43(2-3), pp.272-290. Zinkhan, G.M., 2005. The marketplace, emerging technology and marketing theory.Marketing theory,5(1), pp.105-115.

The Crucible The Lady Of Shalott Essay Example For Students

The Crucible: The Lady Of Shalott Essay Two girls lye sleeping, one with her eyes open, the other with her eyes closed. Not such an unusual picture except for the fact that the two sleeping girls cannot awake. A mysterious servant from a faraway place, a group of young ladies seeking magic to joins their hearts with the men that haunt their dreams. A man of the cloth who stumbles onto a secret dance in the middle of the forest who will spend the next year of his life harboring secrets and trying desperately not to be exposed. The town of Salem sucked into the vacuum of conspiracy, accusations, innuendo and the horrifying fact that maybe Lucifer has come to make a house call. They say that truth is stranger than fiction and if this story wasnt a dark shadow on our nations history it would make for a great novel. But if it was the truth and for those who where there, a horrible reality. This community so caught up in the possibility that witchcraft existed, they completely lost their senses. The following is a breakdown of a ll the legal issues that by todays standards where not followed. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible: The Lady Of Shalott specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Church and StateOut of all the issues that will be addressed, this one is the most difficult. In the 1600s, the church was interwoven with the state and the operation of government. Enter Reverend Hale a scholar of witchcraft. Unbeknownst to everyone, a novice at his trade; a person trying to gain status in the new country. The power of life and death lay in his hands, by his words a person could be deemed a witch and suffer the consequences. It was Rev. Hale who was the fuel that lit the fire. The first amendment clause of the United States Constitution states, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Although this country was founded in a belief of god and morality, the intent was never to have the church involved with the judiciary. The justices would not assemble in Salem, Massachusetts until Reverend Hale found proof of witchery. And by the words of a child, and with a desire he found find what he sought, witch craft was found in Salaam and the justices where assemble. With a hidden agenda and his life and position at stake, Reverend Parris joins to support the movement this helps fire the furnace and gain support for the movement. Freedom of Speech, Expression ReligionAlthough not of majority, Abigail and her group of Satin worshipers where denied by her uncle and the community their right to free speech. The very essence of being an American, the right of free speech and worship as granted by the first amendment of the Constitution. Amendment I Section 12 protected the girls right to practice the satanic ritual. The country as whole was not allowed to practice whatever religion they choose. Forced or Co worst ConfessionIt started with the whipping of Tituba the servant and ended with the offering of anvisty to Proctor or any other citizen who admitted to the practicing of witchcraft. False witness statements, Hearsay and forced confession all took place. Reverend Parris beat his servant until she admitted guilt and participation in the practice of witchcraft she was anvisty when she then pointed the finger at Abigail. This was the mayhem that started to grow. As others where accused, the accused pointed to another. Statement of falsity became statement of fact. It became a case of freedom exchanged for defendants. Due ProcessAs stated in the Due Process clause of the Constitution, all people are entitled to Due Process. This includes, a right to an attorney, the right to have the attorney present during questioning, a right to remain silent, a right to have an attorney appointed if you can not afford one. This whole concept completely thrown out the window during the witchcraft trials. The complete process went a rye from the beginning. With a grand jury never seated to hear evidence and testimony to find basis for a case, the case went forward. Three justices where empanel to hear the case, but most importantly there was no jury of the defendants piers. This right is granted in the United States Constitution in Article III sect 3. And defined in Amendment V, No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury. There was no evidence presented except for heresy and theatrics presented by Abigails little faction, the justices believed that ?the Devil was in Salem?, and they were going to find him. Although in the most part the defendants were able to face their accusers, there where many instances were the defendants did not. Ever present was the courts acceptance of the theatrics of the young ladies when the case would turn in favor of the defendant. The court allowed un-substantiated evidence, and completely overlooking the best evidence rule. With no interrogation process, and with no right to council, the defendants most of whom where uneducated farmers where placed in the position of having to handle their own cases pro-say. Out numbered, and out brained the result was the capital punishment of hanging. Ironically, if this trial would of taken place after the original Constitution was ratified, Reverend Parris would have a property tort against the government when his servant Tituba was convicted and hanged. More importantly the accused where denied their rights under Amendment IV of the C onstitution which states: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. As the defendants where convicted, they where stripped of there property. Property searched and seized all without probable cause. .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .postImageUrl , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:hover , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:visited , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:active { border:0!important; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:active , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nuclear Fusion EssayDefamation ; SlanderAs the trial got underway, another factor emerged. The accused where publicly humiliated both by their fellow citizens and in the press. The names of the accused where posted in the Salaam and in the salaam press and throughout New England. They were cursed and ridiculed and even after the trials where suspended. Those who where not hanged where looked down upon for the rest of their lives. Their name was far more important to them then any wealth that was accumulated. This point was strongly pointed out by Proctor who as a final stand for his dignity refused to sign the confession that would set his wife and himself free. How may I live without my name? I have given you my sole; leave me my name! So valuable ones name that Proctor would rather die then be defamed. Beyond a Reasonable Doubt the Right of AppealThe nineteen victims of the Salaam witch hunt where never given true Due Process as allowed by the constitution. The evidence against them did not come anywhere near Reasonable Doubt, they where convicted by allegations, rumor and non-truths. Part of this Due Process is the right to appeal. These folks where imprisoned for quite a period of time loosing their right to speedy trial. Maybe more importantly, upon conviction they were not allowed to appeal the verdict. Within a short period of time following the convictions, the convicted where hanged. Sovereignty ConspiracyAs the play climaxes, we are faced with one of the hidden truths, the justices so committed to the right outcome will do anything to maintain their judgment. In Act three, the chief justice is handed a petition from Proctor. The form contains a list of over 70 people begging for the end to the trials. Instead of looking at the document and supporting the sovereign of the people, he chooses to use it as a list of future indictments. Knowing that the community is in favor of ending the insanity, the justices choose to use it as a weapon. Further, after Protor presented one of the young ladies involved to testify to the truth of the matter, the justice choose to view her testimony of that of a liar or a person of unstable mind. The three justices commit conspiracy by knowing the truth but choosing ego and vanity over the truth and doing the right thing. ConclusionIt is almost understandable that a community at the point in our history that they where, could get caught up in such an ordeal. Religion stood much higher in loyalty then even the government. Like many other similar events that have taken place in history, people are prone to being caught in a frenzy. The devil was as real to these people as anything in the natural world. Fear of dam nation or eternal hell filled there minds and carried them away. This was not the only witch trial that made the history books; two hundred years later a man by the name of senator McCarthy had one of his own. Like Salaam, lifes, marriages and livelihoods were lost. Bibliographylegal aspects of the CrucibalPoetry Essays