Policy Briefing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Policy Briefing - Essay Example Its main mission has remained unchanged; to prevent and detect illegal entry of people into the United States of America. The department of homeland security is currently in charge of border security in the country. The point of interest is often the American Mexico border. Together with other law enforcers, the border patrol team has continued to place the US border under surveillance with an intention of identifying any threat to national security as well as illegal entry. Border policy does not prevent people from entering the United States, it only ensures that the entrance of people who are in possession of legal documents as well as screening individuals who may be trafficking contrabands and drugs into the country (Chà ¡vez, 2003). The border patrol in the county is responsible for patrolling two thousand miles of coastal waters surrounding Florida peninsula as well as six thousand miles of Canadian and Mexican border (Ngai, 2008). The agents are allowed to work around the clock in all types of weather conditions and terrain as well as in other isolated communities within the county. So many changes have taken place since the inception of the policy in the 1924. The number of agents patrolling the border has been increased to over twenty one thousands agents by the end of 2012. Although the United States border control measures may be considered as strict by many international states, I believe that their actions are extremely justified. The United States government has a mandate of ensuring that the people are safe from terrorists and other insecurities (DHS Increases Border Security in Response to Narcotrafficking Violence., 2009). The border patrol team thereby acts to ensure that the likelihood of dangerous people entering the United States of America is lowered. These activities are often accomplished through following leads, maintaining surveillance, interpreting and following tracks as well as responding to aircraft

Moratorium on Deep-Water Drilling For Retail Gas Prices Coursework

Moratorium on Deep-Water Drilling For Retail Gas Prices - Coursework Example Marathon’s Product Process The production process in MPC takes place in three phases, i.e. refining, transporting, and marketing. The refining phase is executed with the assistance of sis-plant refinery network system. Crude oils gathered from the supply markets of Midwest and various parts of Southeast are refined in these plants with the capacity of around 1,142,000 barrels per day (bpd) accumulatively. Notably, two different types of crude oils are refined in these plants, i.e. sweet crude oils (46% approx) and sour crude oils (54% approx) which are collected from national as well as international suppliers. These refineries are located in six different parts of the continent, i.e. Louisiana, Kentucky, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio and Texas. The refineries are not only different in terms of their location but are also diverse in terms of sizes and their strengths (as cited in Marathon Petroleum Corporation, 2011). ... In this context, the biggest limitation of the company shall be recognized as the integrated management system implemented in its refining phase of production. This indicates the refining phase of production process to be open for greatest number of efficiency improvements. It is due to the fact that all the six plants tend to be different from each other to a large extent in terms of operations, size and strengths. Thus, it is likely to become quite challenging to manage the vivid operations through the implementation of an integrated plan. 2.0. Relationship between the Retail Price of Gasoline and World Demand for Crude Oil Experts have stated that the retail price of gasoline and the price for crude oil are asymmetrically related to each other. To be illustrated, the retail price of gasoline is examined to rise substantially with the rise in the price of crude oil. However, the retail price of gasoline tends to fall leisurely when the price for crude oil substantially minimizes. This presents an asymmetric relationship between the two fac tors (Balke, Brown, & Yucel, 1998). On the similar context, the price elasticity of demand for crude oil is termed to be least, i.e. with a significant rise in the crude oil prices; it is likely that the demand for the product will diminish but not extensively (Cooper, 2003). Therefore, it can be stated that the global demand for the crude oil and retail prices of gasoline are asymmetrically related. This indicates that fall in demand due to the price increase of crude oil will have an inverse impact on the retail price of gasoline resulting in substantial price hike of the commodity.

Advantages of Cooperative Learning for English Language Learners

Advantages of Cooperative Learning for English Language Learners Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, participate in a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject (Noyes, 2010). Each member of a team is accountable not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an environment of success (Kagan, 2002). Students work through the task or assignment until all group members successfully understand and complete it. For English language learners, cooperative learning is critical, because it truly accelerates learning. There is no better way to learn language, other than using it. Teachers often model language but, hamper students by not providing them with opportunities to apply it and master aspects of the language as rapidly as possible (Noyes, 2010). Cooperative learning provides the opportunity for English language learners (ELL) to accelerate learning of the language skills required to be doing well in academic subjects. The purpose of cooperative learning is each member of the team is accountable for not only learning what is taught, but also helping their teammates learn. It creates an atmosphere of community and achievement (Kagan, 2002). The students are actually teaching each other and a function thats community based and builds collaboration. Cooperative learning is a strategy that can be used with all students. Benefits for English Language Learners Cooperative learning is usually valuable for any student learning a second language. Cooperative learning activities support peer communication, which helps the expansion of language and the learning of concepts and content (Kagan, 2002). It is essential to assign ELLs to different teams so that they can benefit from English language role models. ELLs learn to convey themselves with greater independence when working in small teams. In addition to picking up vocabulary, ELLs benefit from observing how their peers learn and explain problems. Roles need to be assigned and rotated each week or by activity. By rotating, students increase skills they mainly need to perform. Cooperative learning builds learning communities as students grow to be experienced at how to get along, how to be concerned for themselves and for each other and how to deal with their own performance as they work on the way to a common objective (Kagan, 2002). Cooperative learning groups make best use of the swift attainment of English because it provides students with understandable contribution in English in encouraging, non-threatening surroundings (Noyes, 2010). Academic and language learning requires that students have opportunities to figure out what they hear and read as well as express themselves in significant tasks (McGroarty, 1993). Cooperative learning creates normal, interactive contexts in which students have bona fide reasons for listening to one another, asking questions, expounding issues, and re-stating points of observation. The foundation of school achievement is academic literacy in English; age appropriate comprehension of English is a requirement in the accomplishment of content standards. We learn mainly through language and use of language to convey our knowledge. Cooperative learning increases opportunities for students to construct and figure out language and to gain modeling and criticism from their peers. A great deal of the significance of cooperative learning lies in the way collaboration encourages students to connect in such high level thinking skills as analyzing, explaining, synthesizing, and elaborating (McGroarty, 1993). Teachers Role in Cooperative Learning Standards must be taught. The rules of learning groups must be understood by all students (Noyes, 2010). The learning groups must be free from negative comments which hinder learning and growth. Everyone must be active listeners; each team member must participate, and help everyone understand the objective and what is being learned. Additionally, noise levels must be kept in perspective and the group needs to keep on the assignment. Schools must provide teaching that assists ELLs in acquiring content area comprehension along with resources for becoming skilled in English (NCLB, 2001). Cooperative learning is not just group work (Noyes, 2010). For it to be effective, the teacher must teach high utility words that appear within the content areas that are a means to comprehension along with definitions and examples of use in context. The group must engage each member in learning words through an assortment of methods of comparing, analyzing, and using target words because academic language is important for reading and mastery of skills in all subject areas. Careful planning is a must for cooperative learning to be effective. ELLs working in cooperative learning groups must be given assignments according to their levels of English proficiency. The teacher must be aware of their stages of language acquisition. Class building and team building activities such as mix pair share, mingle and match, give one/get one, find someone who, think pair share, round table, and roam the room are useful ways to integrate cooperative learning into the classroom (Noyes, 2010). Conclusions Research suggests that cooperative learning techniques boost ability for all students (Noyes, 2010). Cummins (2001) considers cooperative learning an empowerment pedagogy because students have greater opportunities to practice oral language. Cooperative learning is a successful approach in which small teams, each with students of diverse levels of capability, use a range of learning activities to advance their understanding of a topic (Noyes, 2010). Each member of the team is accountable not only for learning what is taught, but also for helping teammates learn through the formation of an environment of accomplishment (Kagan, 2002). Cooperative efforts result in members motivated for mutual achievement so that all gain from each others efforts, recognize that all members share a common fate, know that ones performance is caused by each other working together and feel proud and jointly celebrate when one is recognized for success. Cooperative learning is not just group work or a way to keep students busy. Teachers must provide key instruction in phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension and allow the dynamics of cooperative learning to provide practice for proficiency.

Julius Caesar Essay: Loyalty and Chaos -- Julius Caesar Essays

Julius Caesar: Loyalty and Chaos In the play, Julius Caesar, Shakespeare suggests that a society without loyalty will inevitably find itself in chaos. Loyalty and similar traits of love and faithfulness arguably form the framework of societies present and past. Negative forces such as ego, greed and the quest for power continually attack this framework. Julius Caesar illustrates the rapid decay of a Roman society's law and harmony, until it finds itself in the chaos of civil war before concluding in an uneasy order. The absence of loyalty in a society does not necessarily constitute chaos; it is rather variants like extremism and shifting loyalties that are the problem. It is true that the assassination of Caesar was a clear example of disloyalty and betrayal. The relatively cool relationships that Caesar had beforehand with the other conspirators, made Brutus' betrayal clearly the most disloyal: "For Brutus as you know was Caesar's angel: Judge, O you Gods! how dearly Caesar lov'd him. This was the most unkindest cut of all". The sight of his beloved Brutus among the conspirators overcomes Caesar even more than his wounds- "Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms, quite vanquish'd him: then burst his mighty heart". This is supported by the most climatic line in the play- "Et tu, Brute! Then fall, Caesar!" Mark Antony also demonstrates disloyalty as he takes intentionally takes advantage of Brutus' grace and goodwill, to turn the mob against him. From the moment Caesar is stabbed, the... ...d, faithful and just to me", and his promise to revenge Caesar's death. His theatrical well-timed words in his funeral oration incite the crowd to rampage through Rome, as he plays on the constantly changing loyalties of the citizens. In the play, Julius Caesar, Shakespeare suggests that a society without loyalty will find itself in chaos. Loyalty, love and faithfulness form the framework of societies while negative forces such as ego, greed and the quest for power continually attack this framework. Julius Caesar illustrates the rapid decay of a Roman society's law and harmony, until it finds itself in the chaos of civil war. The absence of loyalty in a society does not necessarily constitute chaos; it is rather variants like extremism and shifting loyalties that are the problem.

Quantitative Analysis for Management

Raptor Fuels produces three grades of gasoline Regular, Premium, and Super. All of these are produced by blending two types of crude oil Crude A and Crude B. The two types of crude contain specific ingredients which help in determining the octane rating of gasoline. The important ingredients and the costs are contained in the following table: [pic] .:. In order to achieve the desired octane ratings, at least 41% of Regular gasoline should be Ingredient 1; at least 44% of Premium gasoline must be Ingredient 1, and at least 48% of Super gasoline must be Ingredient 1.Due to current contract commitments, Raptor Fuels must produce as least 20,000 gallons of Regular, at least 15,000 gallons of Premium, and at least 10,000 gallons of Super. Formulate a linear program that could be used to determine how much of Crude A and Crude B should be used in each of the gasolines to meet the demands at the minimum cost. What is the minimum cost? How much of Crude A and Crude B are used in each gallon of the different types of gasoline?SOLUTION: Let A1 = gallons of crude A used in Regular A2 = gallons of crude A used in Premium A3 = gallons of crude A used in Super B1 = gallons of crude B used in Regular B2 = gallons of crude B used in Premium B3 = gallons of crude B used in Super Minimize cost = 0. 42A1 + 0. 42A2 + 0. 42A3 + 0. 47B1 + 0. 47B2 + 0. 47B3 Subject to 0. 40A1 + 0. 52B1 ( 0. 41(A1 + B1) 0. 40A2 + 0. 52B2 ( 0. 44(A2 + B2) 0. 40A3 + 0. 52B3 ( 0. 8(A3 + B3) A1 + B1 ( 20,000 A2 + B2 ( 15,000 A3 + B3 ( 10,000 A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 ( 0 The solution is A1 = 18,333. 33 gallons of crude A used in Regular; A2 = 10,000 gallons of crude A used in Premium; A3 = 3,333. 33 gallons of crude A used in Super; B1 = 1. 666. 67 gallons of crude B used in Regular, B2 = 5,000 gallons of crude B used in Premium; B3 = 6,666. 67 gallons of crude B used in Super; total cost = $19,566. 67.

Historical laws and Security Essay

Historical Laws and Security Checkpoint CJS/250 April 24, 2013 Historical Laws and Security Checkpoint The Babylonian King Hammurabi established the code of Hammurabi. It was established by the king himself in 1750 B.C. and discovered intact in 1901. It contains 282 clauses variety of obligations, professions and rights, as well as retail, slavery, marriage, stealing, and outstanding debts. If any of the clause was to be violated the punishment that would be handed down would be severe (Clifford, 2004). This code is well known for serious punishment. The principles outlined are in the form of Lex talionis, or the law of retaliation to fit the crime (an eye for an eye). The Draco’s code was named for the Greek of Athens citizen where it was written in 621 B.C., the first law written in Greece was very harsh that the word Draconian is used today to describe how severe and unreasonable the law is. Concerns to penalty for any offense that was committed death would be the result. It was very important to introduce the notion to the state, not the private citizens, is responsible for the punishing persons accused of crimes. The Law of The Twelve Tables originally included 10 laws. Written in Rome in 450 B.C. was meant to govern the Romans. It was the foundation of the modern public and private law. They helped organize how crime would be prosecuted publicly and instituted a method whereby the involved parties could look for compensation from their aggressors. It was then the basic rule of Roman law was written and that justice would not be left at the hands of the judge alone to interpret. In 529 A.D., Corpus Juris Civilis or Justinian code was the result of Emperor Justinian’s desire and remembrance for his codification of Roman law  in a series of book (Clifford, 2004). Legal maxims derived from Justinian Code which inspired the modern concept of justice a word that comes from the emperor’s name. The foundation of civil law, one of the two main legal system, the other been English common law was formed by the Roman code that govern modern Western civilization. One of the high point in the middle ages occurred under King John of England, with the creation of the Magna Carta in 1216 which he was forced to sign. This document established the English due process which greatly reduced the king power by making decision in parliament instead on his own. The most important of the Magna Carta’s 61 clauses was the 39th it states no freeman shall be captured or imprisoned except by lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land (Clifford, 2004). Within a 70 year span England produced the next significant contribution to the system of law enforcement in developing the Statue of Westminster in 1285. King Edward involved the citizens in crime prevention and apprehension. It established three practical measures focusing on the security of affected citizens, the watch and ward, a hue and cry, and the assize of arms. In our current society, publicly and privately these laws have played a major role today. The legal system which we have in place would be the same, but instead it is different. One of the most important is the Magna Carta, and it can be seen in the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights, Article 21. Our economy today is drastically changing. With the amount of cutback it would be difficult for our finest to be all over the city to monitor any issues that may occur. With the assistance of the private forces the numbers has double or triple with less authority or priviledge as would an officer. Having both is beneficial to our society and the feel of safety is an encouragement to us all. References Clifford, M (2004) Identifying and exploring security essentials. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall.