Blood essays

Blood essays Functions 1. Transportation medium for food and oxygen cells. 2. Transport medium for waste and carbon dioxide from the cells. 3. Movement of hormones, enzymes, immune cells and other chemicals throughout the body. 4. Important in the regulation of body temp. BLOOD Plasma Solutes Proteins Albumins -Originate in hemocytoblasts, found in marrow and lymphatic system -Increase in blood during infection. Grandular - Basophil-Secretes heparin and histamine. (Anticoagulant and inflammatory response) - Eosinophil-Cellular defence, phagocytosis of lg. Pathogenic microorganisms and releases antinflamatory substances in allergic reaction. - Neutrophils-Cellular defence-phagocytosis of sm. Pathogenic microorganism. Agranulocytes - Lymphocytes-Hormonal defence-secretes antibodies involved in immune system response and regulation. - Monocytes-Can migrate out of blood into tissue as a macrophage capable of eating bacteria cellular debris and cancerous cells. -no nucleus, very sm. Biocave disks allow them to squeeze thought tiny areas. -Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide. -Produced in bone marrow (Erythropoiesis) -Short life, no DNA so they cannot divide and replenish. -They are broken down and recycled. -Blood Clotting (When blood is removes they join together. -They have no nucleus and are formed in the Red Bone Marrow. By fragments of very lg. Cel ...

Euclid of Alexandria and His Contributions to Geometry

Euclid of Alexandria and His Contributions to Geometry Euclid of Alexandria lived in 365-300 BC (approximately). Mathematicians usually refer to him simply as Euclid, but hes sometimes called Euclid of Alexandria to avoid confusion with the Green Socratic philosopher Euclid of Megara. Euclid of Alexandria is considered to be the Father of Geometry. Very little is known about Euclids life except that he taught in Alexandria, Egypt. He may have become educated at Platos Academy in Athens, or possibly from some of Platos students. He is an important historical figure because all of the rules we use in Geometry today are based on the writings of Euclid, specifically The Elements. The Elements includes the following Volumes: Volumes 1-6: Plane GeometryVolumes 7-9: Number TheoryVolume 10: Eudoxus Theory of Irrational NumbersVolumes 11-13: Solid Geometry The first edition of the Elements was actually printed in 1482 in a very logical, coherent framework. More than one thousand editions have been printed throughout the decades. Schools only stopped using the Elements in the early 1900s, some were still using it in the early 1980s, however, the theories continue to be those that we use today. Euclids book the Elements also contains the beginnings of number theory. The Euclidean algorithm, which is often referred to as Euclids algorithm, is used to determine the greatest common divisor (gcd) of two integers. It is one of the oldest algorithms known and was included in Euclids Elements. Euclids algorithm does not require factoring. Euclid also discusses perfect numbers, infinite prime numbers, and Mersenne primes (the Euclid-Euler theorem). The concepts presented in The Elements werent all original. Many of them had been proposed by earlier mathematicians. Possibly the greatest value of Euclids writings is that they present the ideas as a comprehensive, well-organized reference. The principals are supported by mathematical proofs, which geometry students learn even to this day. Main Contributions He is famous for his treatise on geometry: The Elements. The Elements makes Euclid one of if not the most famous mathematics teacher. The knowledge in the Elements has been the foundation for teachers of mathematics for over 2000 years Geometry tutorials wouldnt be possible without the work of Euclid. Famous Quote:  There is no royal road to geometry. In addition to his brilliant contributions to linear and planar geometry, Euclid wrote about number theory, rigor, perspective, conical geometry, and spherical geometry. Recommended Read Remarkable Mathematicians: The author of this book  profiles 60 famous mathematicians who were born between 1700 and 1910 and provides insight into their remarkable lives and their contributions to the field of math. This text is organized chronologically and provides interesting information about the details of the mathematicians lives. Euclidean Geometry vs Non-Euclidean Geometry At the time, and for many centuries, Euclids work was simply called geometry because it was assumed to be the only possible method of describing space and the position of figures. In the 19th century, other types of geometry were described. Now, Euclids work is called Euclidean geometry to distinguish it from the other methods. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

The Five-Task Strategy Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Five-Task Strategy Making - Assignment Example Monitoring significantly increases the chances of success of the strategy-making process because it offers a critical outlook of the whole exercise, including areas of weakness and how to correct them. Unlike monitoring, evaluation is concerned with what has been achieved. In this exercise, the organization examines the decisions and actions it has taken and determines whether they were successful or not. In case of failure or success, evaluation reveals the reasons for the outcome. The organization can then use this information to develop more effective processes in the future. Corrective adjustments are often done either to increase the success ratio of the process, or to develop better procedures and systems to support future processes (Neluheni, Pretorius, & Ukpere, 2014). The whole process of monitoring, evaluation, and corrective adjustments can be done by either internal or external practitioners. Ultimately, organizations should aim at limiting the amount of monitoring, corrective adjustments and evaluation by conducting highly efficient and effective planning (Valler, Tait, & Marshall, 2013). Thorough planning limits the need for intensive monitoring and evaluation and large-scale adjustments by reducing the number of mistakes made. There are three key elements of strategic planning addressed in this case study. The first is the development of a strategic vision, mission, and core values. The second is setting objectives, while the third is crafting a strategy to attain the objectives and the company vision. In this case, Harry Lindsol, who is a prospective investor, has conducted an analysis of the market and relevant trends before deciding on the best investment option (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble, & Strickland, 2014). He has also made a strategic investment decision because his course of action is based on comprehensive analysis and evaluation of all relevant factors. A major advantage offered by eBooks relates to editions.

How far can we use the shape of the yield curve to derive expectations Research Paper

How far can we use the shape of the yield curve to derive expectations about outlook for an economy - Research Paper Example The slope of the yield curve is considered as one of the important indicators as it shows the difference between the long and short run interest rates in the economy. The critical difference between the two interest rates therefore defines how the future outlook of the economy can change. The overall macroeconomic significance of the slope of the yield curve is based upon the overall monetary response to the shocks received by the economy over the period of time. Economists therefore use the statistical relationship between the slope of the yield curve and economic growth and observe as to where the yield curve is actually pointing. This approach also requires taking different parameters before the overall state of economy can be reliably estimated based on the interest rate spreads. (F. Cwik, 2005) The slop of yield curve can be one of the most important indicators for assessing the economic performance of a country and make future expectations. Yield curve slope can provide essential information about the economic growth, inflation and recessions. Yield curve showing the difference between the 10 years treasury bonds and the federal fund rate therefore serves as one of the key economic indicators about the overall state of the economy. It has also been argued that if consumers expect to have a recession in future, they may reduce their consumption in order to increase their savings for future consumption. Thus the short term interest rates may go up as a result of this and resultantly the gap between the short and long term interest rates may narrow. In such a situation therefore the shape of the yield curve therefore can provide the estimate about the economy. (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland , 2011) Yield curve provided two important forecasting insights into the overall affairs of the economy i.e. the growth as well as the recession. First, it also can help

Fantasy Theme Analysis of Commercial Essay Example for Free

Fantasy Theme Analysis of Commercial Essay â€Å"It’s Not About the Shoes† The Jordan Brand attempts to communicate to its audience that to become legendary they need to understand that it is not about the shoes, but what it is you do in them. They do this by showing a number of star athletes performing when they were in college and high school to the narrator’s (Michael Jordan) words. This paper hypothesizes how it is the Jordan Brand attempts to bring their audience to the shared rhetorical vision of becoming legendary, through fantasy themes in their ad â€Å"It’s Not About the Shoes†. The Fantasy Theme Criticism To understand this paper’s argument on how it is the Jordan Brand attempts to use fantasy themes in their ad, we must first understand what exactly the Fantasy Theme Criticism is. It was created by Ernest G. Bormann, and was designed to provide insights into the shared worldview of a group of rhetors. It is derived from the Symbolic Convergence Theory, and can be applied to different types of rhetoric including the kind(s) used on small groups, social movements, political campaigns, and organizational communication. The criticism relies on two assumptions. One, that rhetoric creates reality, and two, that convergence occurs. With regards to rhetoric creating reality we are to assume that the symbolic forms that are created from the rhetoric are not imitations but organs of reality. This is because it is through their agency that anything becomes real. We assume to that convergence occurs because symbols not only create reality for individuals but that individual’s meanings can combine to create a shared reality for participants. The shared reality then provides a basis for the community of participants to discuss their common experiences and to achieve a mutual understanding. The consequence of this is that the individuals develop the same attitudes and emotions to the personae of the drama. Within this criticism the audience is seen as the most critical part because the sharing of the message is seen as being so significant. The basic unit of this analysis is looking at the different fantasy themes within the rhetoric being analyzed. Fantasy themes tell a story that  accounts for the groups experience and that is the reality of the participants. The three fantasy themes that are necessary to create a drama are setting, characters, and actions. These fantasy themes then come together to form a fantasy type, and rhetorical vision. A fantasy type is a stock rhetorical vision that appears repeatedly in the rhetoric of a group. The actual rhetorical vision is the unified putting together of the various shared fantasies, or a swirling together of fantasy themes to provide a credible interpretation of reality. In the event there is a rhetorical vision, it is suggested that a rhetorical community forms that consists of participants in the vision, or members who have shared the fantasy themes. It is within this community that the ability to understand and act on the motives for action that the rhetorical vision attempts to communicate reside. Analysis Within this ad, there is a number of fantasy themes that the Jordan Brand incorporated that potentially could lead their audience to the desired rhetorical vision they wished to communicate. This part of the paper will seek to analyze this ad by first looking at our ads relationship with the audience, and then breaking the fantasy themes down into the three different kinds that make up this analysis and how they could come together to form a fantasy type and rhetorical vision. In order for the ad to make sense it must share a First there is the setting theme(s). Setting themes depict where it is the action is taking place. In this ad, there are a variety of different athletic venues depicted in which the physical setting takes place for athletes to become legendary. For example, there is a basketball court (P3, P8, P15, P20, P21), a boxing ring (P12-13), a baseball field (P5-6), and football field (P11, P17-18). All of these different physical places are where athletes go to train and perform to become legendary. We here the narrator state various inspirational lines pertaining to ones performance such as, â€Å"It’s about work before glory† (L10-11) and that it is about â€Å"Taking everything you have been given, and making something better† (L8-9). This suggests to the audience that practice and hard work in whatever sport you choose to compete in, are required if you wish to become legendary. The next major setting theme of the ad is within the audience is itself. In the very first scene (P1) all we see initially is the shoes with an unidentified person sitting in them. The screen then scrolls up to reveal a man who it is sitting in a chair deep in thought. This is possibly meant to be symbolic that each and every person in the audience is that athlete in those shoes. Then in the final scene we see a black screen with the words Become Legendary. These two slides form the setting that each member of the audience is supposed to face, the moment in their mind at which they either decide in favor of, or against attempting to become legendary. In addition to this the ad references â€Å"you† the audience a total of 8 times. This supports that the ad is trying to communicate to its audience wherever it is, and since this ad is attempting to call to action its audience the setting is within the audiences minds themselves when they are making their decision. Next there is the characters theme(s). Character themes are any person or object shown engaging in human like action. As previously stated, the ad references â€Å"you† a total of 8 times and makes clear that the audience is the most important character in this ad. Through the imagery and words, the audience is supposed to either imagine themselves as the athletes depicted, or as themselves in similar settings on the athletic field. This inclusive strategy of using the language and themes of the ad to relate to the audience helps to build convergence The athletes who are shown in the ad are also important characters. It is not explicitly stated in the ad who these athletes are, but by watching the ad and viewing the final scene in which the words Become Legendary (P22) appear, the audience can infer that whoever these athletes are, they are legends in their respective games. They are depicted throughout the ad performing various acts of athletic ability, and through the narrator’s words the audience is supposed to imagine themselves performing similar acts as these athletes. Finally, there is the actions theme(s). Action themes deal with the action of the drama. Within this ad there are numerous action themes. By looking at the visuals of the ad we see athletes running up and down a basketball court (P3, P20), hitting baseballs (P5-6), shooting a basketball (P8), catching touchdowns (P11, P18), and hitting a punching bag (P13). Accompanying these visuals we here the narrator’s words and are able to understand the qualities these athletes possess, and how their actions (which become transparent through the ads visual and audio display) have lead them to become legendary. For example, we here the narrator say for the baseball scene (P4-6) that â€Å"It’s about having the courage to fail† (L4-5). The audience is supposed to understand that having courage/acting courageous is important to have if one wishes to become legendary. Another example is in slides P12-15 in which we go from the visual of a young boxer working out, to the image of basketball player in celebration and here the words â€Å"It’s about work, before glory† (L10-11). This scene depicts that the action of working hard leads to the act of celebration in victory. This scene also lends itself to the idea that the act of working hard is important to becoming legendary. These themes form a fantasy type which is that it is not about the shoes. We here this exact line stated in P1L1 that â€Å"It is not about the shoes†. Throughout the ad we then see various video clips and pictures that show us, as well as hear our narrator tell us, what it is about. We then hear in L14 that once again â€Å"It’s not about the shoes† and then in L15-16 that â€Å"It’s about what you do in them, it’s about being who you were born to be†. This fantasy type provides the resolution to the original conflict brought about in the first scene. The fantasy themes discussed above all come together to hopefully lead the audience to the rhetorical vision to become legendary, which is what the rhetor hoped to communicate. Through the fantasy themes the audience is able to see how it is that they can become legendary

Why Is Religion Important? Essay -- Why Study Religion?

"Just as a candle cannot burn without fire, men cannot live without a spiritual life." -- Buddha "So I say to you, Ask and it will be given to you; search, and you will find; knock, and the door will be opened for you." --Jesus Christ Whether you consider yourself a religious person or not, or whether you think religion has played a positive or negative role in history, it is an incontrovertible fact that from the beginning of time, humans have engaged in activities that we now call religion, such as worship, prayer, and rituals marking important life passages. Moreover, religions have always asked fundamental questions, such as: What is the true meaning of life? What happens to us after death? How do we explain human suffering and injustices? The answers different religious traditions give to these important questions are many and varied and often contradictory. But the questions themselves are ones with which humans throughout time have grappled, and probably will continue to grapple with into the indefinite future. Thus, one of the first reasons to study religion is sim...

Pre Sessional Research Essay Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay

With the growing of its economic system, population and among other facets, China is confronting a huge job with sustainable development. Particularly in megacity like Beijing, conveyance is the cardinal issue. The big measure of private autos and the increasing figure of people lead to this effect. This essay is intend to demo the schemes to accomplish sustainability in conveyance in Beijing. Sustainable solutions can be made by the authorities or metropolis interior decorator to cut down the human develop impact to environment. The intent of the essay is exemplifying the state of affairs and jobs of conveyance in China and give solutions. In this essay, foremost of all, will present the economic system and population state of affairs of megacities in China and so demo the conveyance status. Then three big jobs will be illustrated in the 2nd portion. After that, it will give the definition of sustainable urbanism and turn to the importance of sustainable urbanism with regard to these issues. Then, is the debut of a type of public sustainable conveyance system. Some possible schemes that can utilize in Beijing to work out these jobs will be illustrated at the terminal.Situation of urban conveyance in megacities in ChinaThe current traffic state of affairs in China is non optimistic. Recent old ages, China has been known as a Potential world power because of its tremendous populations and billowing economic system. For the rapid development of most metropoliss in China, there are many challenges to face. As a consequence, the heavy urban transit system brings a batch of societal issues particularly environmental jobs. There are several facets that taking to a complicated conveyance system. Nowadays, the Chinese population is over 1.3 billion which makes China the most thickly settled state in the universe, accounting for one fifth of the universe ‘s entire population and continues to increase. ( Liu & A ; Bai, 2008 ) . For case, Beijing, one of the megacities besides the capital in China, is the national political, economic, every bit good as civilization centre. Beijing ‘s population history for merely 1.2 per centum of the whole state ‘s, whereas the green goodss about 3.7 per centum of China ‘s national Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) ( National Bureau of Statistics of China 2007 ) . Indeed, the most portion of GDP is contributed by metropolis population. To be more Pierces ‘the disposal income of its urban occupants is 1.7 times the national degree. ‘ ( Oliver et al. 2009 ) . QQa†º?20120815004119.pngFigure 1: Chart of urbanisation advancement in China. ( Transport Unit, Infrastructure Dept. , East Asia & A ; Pacific Region 2005 ) Furthermore, with the rapid growing of economic system and population in China, people ‘s life criterions and incomes continue to lift. Therefore, there is a big ingestion demand of the measure of vehicle in China. Not merely for private autos, but besides for public: The measure of coach reached a reasonably high degree and the rail conveyance has been developed in some megacities like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou. The undermentioned figure is about the vehicle possessing from1985 to 2007 in China and foreground the Numberss in Beijing. QQa†º?20120815005916.png Figure 2: Vehicle Population Growth in China and Beijing ( Oliver et al. 2009 ) As shown, China had a monolithic addition in vehicle population in about two decennaries and these are peculiarly fast in Beijing, particularly after the twelvemonth 2000. Until 2009, the officially registered motor vehicles in Beijing were soared from 0.7 to 3.6 million. ( Oliver et al. 2009 ) .The consequence of heavy conveyance on the environmentThe immense sum of vehicle population is the chief cause of traffic jobs. Most of megacities in China have an highly heavy traffic. Thus, many sorts of societal and environmental jobs will happen within this state of affairs. The most outstanding job is air pollution caused by the emanations from vehicles. The major pollutant among all harmful gas is carbon dioxide. As we can see in this pie chart: China ‘s C emanations accounted for about a one-fourth of the universe ‘s. Besides the line graph indicates that during the twelvemonth 1970 to 2010, the figure in China grew dramatically, particularly after 1995. world-carbon-emissions.gif.Figure 3: World C emanation ( China ‘s Energy Efficiency Gains, February 27th, 2009 ) Transportation system is one of the chief countries of nursery gas emanations. From 1994 to 2004, the China ‘s mean one-year growing rate is about 4 % of nursery gas emanations. ( Leggett, 2011 ) Therefore, due to the big figure of transit activities, the great ingestion of fuel would be another challenge. One of import facet of this job is the developing fabrication engineerings used in the Chinese motor vehicle industry and less developed care of autos. A typical illustration of this is the Beijing Jeep 212 expends 13 to 15 litres of oil while travel 100 kilometres and its overall dynamic public presentation is weak. This fuel ingestion rate is between 50 and100 per centum greater than the same type of landrover manufactured in industrialised states. ( He and Cheng, 2000 ) . Furthermore, due to the big measure of motor vehicles in China, traffic jam became a serious issue bit by bit. A study says that people in Beijing ‘s mean commuting clip is the longest among all the metropoliss in China, which takes 1.32 hours. Some of the chief roots in Beijing in haste hours merely like huge parking batch. Other megacities in China besides have similar job. So that, for the awful surface-transportation, more and more people depend on public conveyance like resistance.Sustainable urbanism ‘s function in these jobsAs for these important conveyance issue caused by the rapid development of China, sustainable schemes should be used in urban design. Sustainable urbanism is a research topic which fundamentally focuses on the jobs between worlds and the urban environment they live in. Steffen defined this field as an inter-disciplinary topic. He says ‘Green Urbanism is by definition interdisciplinary ; it requires the coaction of landscape designers, appl ied scientists, urban contrivers, ecologists, conveyance contrivers, physicists, psychologists, sociologists, economic experts and other specializers, in add-on to designers and urban interior decorators. ‘ ( 2011 ) Harmonizing to Herbert Girardet, ‘a sustainable metropolis enables all its citizens to run into their ain demand and to heighten their wellbeing, without degrading the natural universe or the lives of other people, now or in the hereafter ‘ . ( 2004, P.6. ) . Therefore, one benefit of utilizing sustainable urbanism is the decrease of pollution. To accomplish this, most importance, ‘is to maintain something traveling over the long tally. ‘ ( Adhya, Plowright, and Stevens, 2010 ) That is to state that sustainable urbanism is a long term procedure. The manner people get along with the environment, how life continued is the procedure.Example of a sort of sustainable conveyance systemIn fact, utilizing public conveyances to let go of conveyance force per unit areas is a sort of sustainable scheme. Some metropoliss in China have an advanced conveyance system. At U.S. Transportation Research Board ( TRB ) one-year meeting, Guangzhou, Zhongshan Road Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) system won the ‘2011 sustainable Transport Award ‘ , issued by the Sustainable Transport Award Commission. This is the first clip that a Chinese metro polis had received this award. A Bus Rapid Transit ( abbreviated BRT ) is a sort of a new public conveyance system between Rapid Rail Transit ( abbreviated RRT ) and Normal Bus Transit ( abbreviated NBT ) . This system is a manner of monolithic transit of people. It has normally been referred to as ‘the resistance system on the land ‘ . It is a alone urban rider conveyance system that used modern coach engineering every bit good as intelligent traffic and operations direction, to do the coach lane roads and building of a new coach station to accomplish the rail conveyance operator services. The undermentioned illustration can demo bus rapid theodolite system can work expeditiously. If a carriageway used by a auto, it will let seven hundred autos base on balls by, that is about 2,000 people. However if the lane is designed for coach rapid theodolite, there will be 100 coach passed by per hr, that can be transported about 15,000 people. In the state of affairs of the mass population in China, coach rapid theodolite system usage of a little portion of route resources expeditiously and besides can guarantee that most of the population in the metropolis is fluxing. Besides, utilizing a BRT system besides can cut down the usage of private vehicles and can protect the air. If the public transit becomes truly convenient and comfy, some of the auto proprietor might abandon the old manner. Furthermore, the ingestion of fuel might cut down and the more of import than this is that it can restrict the emanation of vehicles. Besides, by utilizing this system, will cut down the route screen country and give abode more free infinite. As Elkin and McLaren said ‘the demand for roads chows into the metropolis ‘s public unfastened infinite. ‘ ( 1991, P52. )Particular solutions in BeijingBeijing has a population of 15 million and held a measure over 3 million vehicles. And the figure is billowing at an dismaying rate of 1,500 per twenty-four hours. For such a megacity in China, there are three solutions that can take to a sustainable development of conveyance. First, urban contrivers should pay attending to the route betterment. The rational allotment traffic watercourse and prosaic flow should be based on the existent state of affairs of different subdivisions. For illustration, for two narrow parallel streets utilizing unidirectional shunt method. Besides Beijing has to take advantage of the bing planning methods in other topographic points. Such as the concept high-accessible and high coverage of urban transit web ; constructing high-efficient urban conveyance services system and better coach service degrees and the urban traffic safety. Until now, there merely are merely three BRT line in Beijing. Because the particular bus manner of Beijing ‘s BRT line is less and there are many assorted line subdivisions. So it is non fast plenty and there is no coach in the haste hours and societal vehicle ever occupancy the coach lanes. Consummate the BRT system will do Beijing accomplish more comfy and more efficient public conveyance condit ions. In add-on, the betterment of vehicle is besides indispensable. China has already begun to utilize clean energy coachs, but the measure of these sort of coach is little. Clean energy is like H energy or ethanol energy. We need to increase the usage of such a clean energy scheme in conveyance. Besides it is of import to better vehicle public presentation and cut down the vehicle kilometres travelled ( VKT ) . Furthermore, authorities demands to transport out economic policy and public policy to cover with the traffic jobs. They should enforcing auto purchase revenue enhancement to cut down the volume of car trade, so as to command the figure the vehicles on route. Besides a part of economic subsidies is needed to back up the betterment of the public conveyance environment and the development of new energy vehicles. Finally, bettering emanation criterions is the best manner to command high-emission autos going in the metropolis. The authorities should besides promote people to walk or rhythm to school or work.DecisionIn decision, to plan a conveyance system in a sustainable manner is the tendency of development. The ground that the ingestion of vehicles is billowing is that the quickly developing economic and the increasing figure of populations. However, this consequence leads to a big sum of gas pollution, helter-skelter traffic and waste of non-renewable energy. Due to these jobs, susta inability of a metropolis will be a cardinal portion of urban design. It is no uncertainty that we can non populate in a topographic point without fresh air. Therefore, we need to protect the environment for ourselves and do it sustainable for our kids. Therefore, people live in the urban country should n't merely wait for authorities policy to restrict or explicate. Never get tired of making small good things to the environment. Every bantam attempt of any metropolis occupant will garner together and hold a immense power that can alter the universe.

World Wide Web and E-commerce Winter

Introduction to E-Commerce Revenue Models Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Revenue models How some companies move from one revenue model to another to achieve success Revenue strategy issues that companies face when selling on the Web An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 2 1 Objectives (continued) Creating an effective business presence on the Web Web site usability Communicating effectively with customers on the Web An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 3 Revenue Models Mail order or catalog model Proven to be successful for a wide variety of consumer items Web catalog revenue model Taking the catalog model to the WebAn Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 4 2 Computers and Consumer Electronics Apple, Dell, Gateway, and Sun Microsystems have had great success selling on the Web Dell created value by designing its entire business around offering a high degree of configuration flexibility to its customers An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 5 Books, Music , and Videos Retailers use the Web catalog model to sell books, music, and videos Among the most visible examples of electronic commerce Jeff Bezos Formed Amazon. com Jason and Matthew Olim Formed an online music store they called CDnow Used the Web catalog revenue model An Introduction to E-CommerceWinter 85, 6 3 Luxury Goods People are still reluctant to buy luxury goods through a Web site Web sites of Vera Wang and Versace Constructed to provide information to shoppers, not to generate revenue Web site of Evian Designed for a select, affluent group of customers An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 7 Clothing Retailers Lands’ End Pioneered the idea of online Web shopping assistance with its Lands’ End Live feature in 1999 Personal shopper Intelligent agent program that learns customer’s preferences and makes suggestions Virtual model Graphic image built from customer measurements An Introduction to E-CommerceWinter 85, 8 4 Flowers and Gifts 1-800-Flowers C reated an online extension to its telephone order business Chocolatier Godiva Offers business gift plans on its site An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 9 Digital Content Revenue Models Firms that own intellectual property have embraced the Web as a new and highly efficient distribution mechanism Lexis. com Provides full-text search of court cases, laws, patent databases, and tax regulations ProQuest Sells digital copies of published documents An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 10 5 Advertising-Supported Revenue Models Broadcasters provide free programming to an udience along with advertising messages Success of Web advertising is hampered by No consensus on how to measure and charge for site visitor views Stickiness of a Web site: the ability to keep visitors and attract repeat visitors Very few Web sites have sufficient visitors to interest large advertisers An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 11 Web Portals Web directory A listing of hyperlinks to Web pages Portal or Web portal Site used as a launching point to enter the Web Almost always includes a Web directory and search engine Examples: Yahoo! , AOL, AltaVista An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 12 6 Advertising-SubscriptionMixed Revenue Models Subscribers Pay a fee and accept some level of advertising Typically are subjected to much less advertising Used by The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 13 Advertising-Subscription Mixed Revenue Models (continued) Business Week Offers some free content at its Business Week online site Requires visitors to buy a subscription to the Business Week print magazine An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 14 7 Fee-for-Transaction Revenue Models Businesses offer services and charge a fee based on the number or size of transactions processed DisintermediationRemoval of an intermediary from a value chain Reintermediation Introduction of a new intermediary An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 15 Fe e-for-Service Revenue Models Fee based on the value of a service provided Services range from games and entertainment to financial advice Online games Growing number of sites include premium games in their offerings Site visitors must pay to play these premium games An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 16 8 Fee-for-Service Revenue Models (continued) Concerts and films As more households obtain broadband access to the Internet, companies are providing streaming video of concerts and films to paying ubscribers Professional Services State laws are one of the main forces preventing U. S. professionals from extending their practices to the Web An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 17 Revenue Models in Transition Subscription to advertising-supported model Microsoft founded its Slate magazine Web site An upscale news and current events publication Charged an annual subscription fee after a limited free introductory period Was unable to draw sufficient number of paid subscribers Now operated as an advertising-supported site An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 18 9 Advertising-Supported to AdvertisingSubscription Mixed Model Salon. om Operated for several years as an advertisingsupported site Now offers an optional subscription version of its site Subscription offering was motivated by the company’s inability to raise additional money from investors An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 19 Advertising-Supported to Feefor-Services Model Xdrive Technologies Opened its original advertising-supported Web site in 1999 Offered free disk storage space online to users After two years, it was unable to pay the costs of providing the service with the advertising revenue generated Later switched to a subscription-supported model An Introduction to E-CommerceWinter 85, 20 10 Advertising-Supported to Subscription Model Northern Light Founded in August 1997 as a search engine with a twist Revenue model Combination of advertising-supported model plus a fee-base d information access service January 2002 Converted to a new revenue model that was primarily subscription supported An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 21 Multiple Transitions Encyclop? dia Britannica Original offerings The Britannica Internet Guide Free Web navigation aid Encyclop? dia Britannica Online Available for a subscription fee or as part of a CD package 1999 Converted to a free, advertiser-supported site 001 Returned to a mixed model An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 22 11 Revenue Strategy Issues Channel conflict Occurs whenever sales activities on a company’s Web site interfere with existing sales outlets Also called cannibalization Channel cooperation Giving customers access to the company’s products through a coordinated presence in all distribution channels An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 23 Strategic Alliances and Channel Distribution Management Strategic alliance When two or more companies join forces to undertake an activity over a long period of time Account aggregation servicesIncrease the propensity of customers to return to the site Channel distribution managers Companies that take over the responsibility for a particular product line within a retail store An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 24 12 Creating an Effective Web Presence An organization’s presence The public image it conveys to its stakeholders Stakeholders of a firm Include its customers, suppliers, employees, stockholders, neighbors, and the general public An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 25 Achieving Web Presence Goals Objectives of the business Attracting visitors to the Web site Making the site interesting enough that visitors tay and explore Convincing visitors to follow the site’s links to obtain information An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 26 13 Achieving Web Presence Goals (continued) Objectives of the business Creating an impression consistent with the organization’s desired image Building a trusting relationship with visitors Reinforcing positive images that the visitor might already have about the organization Encouraging visitors to return to the site An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 27 Profit-Driven Organizations Toyota site A good example of an effective Web presence Provides links to Detailed information about each vehicle modelA dealer locator page Information about the company and the financing services it offers An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 28 14 Toyota U. S. Home page An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 29 Profit-Driven Organizations (continued) Quaker Oats Web site does not offer a particularly strong sense of corporate presence Site is a straightforward presentation of links to information about the firm Redesigned site is essentially the same as the previous version An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 30 15 Quaker Oats Old Home Page An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 31 Quaker Oats Home Page: 1999 RedesignAn Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 32 16 Not-for-Profit Organizations Key goal for the Web sites Information dissemination Key element on any successful electronic commerce Web site Combination of information dissemination and a two-way contact channel An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 33 Web Site Usability Motivations of Web site visitors Learning about products or services that the company offers Buying products or services that the company offers Obtaining information about warranty, service, or repair policies for products they purchased Obtaining general information about the company or organizationAn Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 34 17 Web Site Usability (continued) Motivations of Web site visitors Obtaining financial information for making an investment or credit granting decision Identifying the people who manage the company or organization Obtaining contact information for a person or department in the organization An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 35 Making Web Sites Accessible One of the best ways to accommodate a broad range of visitor needs is to build flexibility into the Web site’s interface Good site design lets visitors choose among information attributes Web sites can offer visitors multiple nformation formats by including links to files in those formats An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 36 18 Making Web Sites Accessible (continued) Goals that should be met when constructing Web sites Offer easily accessible facts about the organization Allow visitors to experience the site in different ways and at different levels Sustain visitor attention and encourage return visits Offer easily accessible information An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 37 Trust and Loyalty A 5 percent increase in customer loyalty can yield profit increases between 25% and 80% Repetition of satisfactory service can build ustomer loyalty Customer service is a problem for many electronic commerce sites An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 38 19 Usability Testing Companies that have done usability tests Conduct focus groups Watch how different customers navigate through a series of Web site test designs Cost of usability testing is low compared to the total cost of a Web site design or overhaul to E-Commerce An Introduction Winter 85, 39 Customer-Centric Web Site Design Putting the customer at the center of all site designs Guidelines Design the site around how visitors will navigate the links Allow visitors to access information quicklyAvoid using inflated marketing statements An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 40 20 Customer-Centric Web Site Design (continued) Guidelines Avoid using business jargon and terms that visitors might not understand Be consistent in use of design features and colors Make sure navigation controls are clearly labeled Test text visibility on smaller monitors Conduct usability tests An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 41 Connecting With Customers Personal contact model Firm’s e mployees individually search for, qualify, and contact potential customers Prospecting Personal contact approach to identifying and reaching customersMass media approach Firms prepare advertising and promotional materials about the firm and its products An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 42 21 Connecting With Customers (continued) Addressable media Advertising efforts directed to a known addressee Also called mass media One-to-many communication model Communication flows from one advertiser to many potential buyers One-to-one communication model Both buyer and seller participate in information exchange An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 43 Business Communication Modes An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 44 22 Summary Models used to generate revenue on the WebWeb catalog Digital content sales Advertising-supported Advertising-subscription mixed Fee-for-transaction and fee-for-service Companies undertaking electronic commerce initiatives sometimes Form strategic allia nces Contract with channel distribution managers An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 45 Summary (continued) Firms must understand how the Web differs from other media Enlisting the help of users when building test versions of the Web site is a good way to create a site that represents the organization well Firms must also understand the nature of communication on the Web An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 46 23

Typical Flame Temperature for Different Fuels

Typical Flame Temperature for Different Fuels This is a list of flame temperatures for various common fuels. Adiabatic flame temperatures for common gases are provided for air and oxygen. For these values, the initial temperature of air, gas, and oxygen are 20 Â °C. MAPP is a mixture of gases, chiefly methyl acetylene, and propadiene with other hydrocarbons. Youll get the most bang for your buck, relatively speaking, from acetylene in oxygen (3100Â °C) and either acetylene (2400Â °C), hydrogen (2045Â °C), or propane (1980Â °C) in the air. Flame Temperatures This table lists flame temperature alphabetically according to the name of the fuel. Celsius and Fahrenheit values are cited, as available. Fuel Flame Temperature acetylene 3,100 C (oxygen), 2,400 C (air) blowtorch 1,300 C (2,400 F, air) Bunsen burner 1,300-1,600 C (2,400-2,900 F, air) butane 1,970 C (air) candle 1,000 C (1,800 F, air) carbon monoxide 2,121 C (air) cigarette 400-700 C (750-1,300 F, air) ethane 1,960 C (air) hydrogen 2,660 C (oxygen), 2,045 C (air) MAPP 2,980 C (oxygen) methane 2,810 C (oxygen), 1,957 C (air) natural gas 2,770 C (oxygen) oxyhydrogen 2,000 C or more (3,600 F, air) propane 2,820 C (oxygen), 1,980 C (air) propane butane mix 1,970 C (air) propylene 2870 C (oxygen)

Fake US Soldiers Robbing Women Online

Fake US Soldiers Robbing Women Online The U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command (CID) warns that women in the U.S. and around the world are being scammed by persons pretending to be U.S. soldiers deployed in war zones. CID warns that these fake soldiers promises of love and devotion only  Ã¢â‚¬Å"end up breaking hearts and bank accounts.† According to CID, the pretend heroes sink so low as to be using the names, ranks and even pictures of actual U.S. soldiers - some killed in action to target women 30 to 55 years old on social media and dating web sites. We cannot stress enough that people need to stop sending money to persons they meet on the internet and claim to be in the U.S. military, said Chris Grey, Army CIDs spokesman in a press release. It is heartbreaking to hear these stories over and again of people who have sent thousands of dollars to someone they have never met and sometimes have never even spoken to on the phone. According to Grey, the scams typically employ clever, romantically worded requests for money to help the fake â€Å"deployed soldier† buy special laptop computers, international telephones, military leave applications, and transportation fees needed to keep the budding â€Å"relationship† going. Weve even seen instances where the perpetrators are asking the victims for money to purchase leave papers from the Army, help pay for medical expenses from combat wounds received, or help pay for their flight home so they can leave the war zone, said Grey. Victims who get worried and ask to actually talk to the fake soldiers are typically told the Army does not allow them to make phone calls or that they need money to help keep the Army internet running. Another common thread, according to Grey is for the soldier to claim to be a widower raising a child or children on their own. These perpetrators, often from other countries, most notably from West African countries are good at what they do and quite familiar with American culture, but the claims about the Army and its regulations are ridiculous, said Grey. Report Them All forms of financial fraud, which is exactly what these fake, love for money soldiers are trying to pull, can now be reported through the StopFraud.gov website Military Leave is Always Earned, Never Bought No branch of the U.S. military charges service members money for permission to take leave. Leave is earned, not purchased. As the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command recommends: Never Send Money - Be extremely suspicious if you are asked for money for transportation costs, communication fees or marriage processing and medical fees. In addition, be very suspicious if the person you are corresponding with wants you to mail anything to an African country. Where to Turn Them In If you suspect or know you have been victimized by a fake soldier scammer, you can report the incident to the FBIs Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). Out of a concern for the safety and privacy of their servicemembers, all branches of the U.S. military have removed their web-based, online personnel locator services. Scams Targeting Veterans, Military Personnel, and Retirees In another despicable outgrowth of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the IRS warns of email phishing scams targeting veterans, current military personnel, and retirees receiving VA disability benefits. The emails falsely claim that individuals currently receiving disability compensation from the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) may be eligible to obtain additional funds from the IRS. The emails come from a bogus outfit calling itself Defense Finance and Accounting Services, and while the email address ends with a â€Å".mil† domain, it is not a legitimate government military email address. The email promises the victims that by sending copies of their VA award letters, income tax returns, 1099-Rs, Retiree Account Statements, and DD-214s to a colonel at an address in Florida, they can receive additional money from the IRS. Of course, as the IRS points out, they cannot and will not. In fact, by giving the non-existent â€Å"colonel† the personal financial information shown on the requested documents, the victims could face financial disaster. To avoid falling victim to this or similar scams, the IRS reminders taxpayers to watch out for the following: Fictitious claims for refunds or rebates based on false statements of entitlement to tax creditsEmails from unfamiliar senders asking for personal informationInternet solicitation that direct individuals to toll-free numbers and then solicit Social Security numbers or other personal information The IRS never contacts taxpayers by email. The IRS initiates most contacts with taxpayers through regular mail delivered by the United States Postal Service.

Mummy and Painted Cartonnage of an Unknown Woman Essay

Mummy and Painted Cartonnage of an Unknown Woman - Essay Example This can be revealed through the decorative funerary rituals that were done during the time. These practices reveal the fascination and the obsession of the people on immortality. One way through which this can be revealed is through the mummifications and decorations that could be found in museums. One of these beliefs and customs are revealed through the mummy and painted Cartonnage of unknown woman The mummy and painted Cartonnage of unknown woman looking upwards is made up of decorated layers of linen and plaster (The Walters Museum par 1). These are made into a shape of a woman. However, the woman is not known. It was believed that the mummy would sustain the life of the dead woman when it comes back. The mummification contains decorations all over. The mummy also contains a decoration of floral wreath on the wig, a winged scarab beetle and a broad collar (The Walters Museum par 1). The mummy also has decorations that include four men who are standing facing one direction. The f our men represent the four sons of Horus. According to the Egyptian culture, the four sons of Horus are associated with protection. They offer security from any threat. This further reveals the fact that the ancient Egyptians believed on immortality of the soul. This is revealed by the act of providing protection for the dead; in this case who are represented through a mummy. The decorations also include the boat of the funerary deity Sokar. This boat was a sacred one. The sacred boats are very significant to the ancient Egyptian culture. They were usually used when the gods were brought out from their sanctuaries where they processed before the public. The decorations on the mummy of the unknown woman also include a mummy of Osiris who is lying on a funerary bed. This reveals the importance of the god to the dead people. The God of Osiris was important for the protection of the dead. The mummy also contains a decoration of a divine falcon god. The falcon god is among the most impor tant gods of the Ancient Egypt. The divine falcon god is considered as the divine personification of the kinship of Egypt (Nicholson and Shaw 156). The god was also a representation of the god of heavens. In the ancient Egyptian culture, Horus relates to the Egyptian divine kingship. It was representation of the last king who has ever ruled in Egypt. Since the living king was Horus, when he died the new king would usually become the new image of Horus and the dead king would become Osiris (Nicholson and Shaw 185). The decoration on the mummy and painted Cartonnage of unknown woman also contains a short hieroglyphic text, which contains an offering formula. The burial customs that were observed in the ancient Egypt were meant to ensure immortality after death. All the rituals performed were believed to contribute to the immortality of humanity. This was the main reason why they preserved the bodies through mummification. In addition, the dead would be accompanied with the things the deceased would need afterlife. The mummification process usually took a period of 70 days. The internal organs were usually removed from the body after which the body was desiccated using a special kind of salts. The body could then be tied with linen. The latest mummies were also kept inside painted Cartonnage mummy cases. Therefore, the mummy of an unknown woman is more recent since it was made using the latest mummification technology that was used then. According to the ancient Eg